When Winter Smog Hits the Heart: Doctors Warn of Rising Cardiac Risk

New Delhi: As winter sets in and air quality worsens in many parts of northern India, cardiologists are raising a clear alarm: the mix of cold weather and heavy smog may be pushing more people toward heart trouble. Health data show that heart attack risks climb sharply when temperatures drop and pollution spikes.

Why Do Heart Attacks Rise in Winter?

Doctors say there are two big forces at work in the colder months. First, cold air makes blood vessels tighten. This pushes up blood pressure and forces the heart to work harder. That extra strain can trigger cardiac stress, especially in people with existing heart conditions. 

Second, winter often brings poor air quality. In cities like Delhi, smoke, dust and tiny particles from cars, industries and crop burning hover close to the ground. These particles are so fine they can enter the bloodstream and inflame blood vessels, raising the risk of heart attacks and strokes.

How Bad Is the Risk?

Cardiologists say even short periods in highly polluted air can put pressure on the heart. According to experts, hospital visits for cardiac problems tend to spike on days when the Air Quality Index (AQI) hits very high levels. People with heart disease, older adults, and those with high blood pressure or diabetes are especially vulnerable. 

Who Is Most at Risk?

Doctors warn that the danger isn’t limited to older people. Younger adults with underlying health issues, smokers and people who are overweight also face elevated risk in winter. 

Weekend early mornings and late evenings, when both pollution and cold hit peak levels, are especially risky times to be outdoors.

What Precautions Can You Take?

Experts suggest simple steps to reduce risk:

• Stay informed about daily AQI levels and avoid outdoor activity when pollution is very high. 
• Limit exposure to cold air, especially early in the morning. 
• Wear masks when stepping outside on smoggy days. 
• Keep warm with layers and avoid sudden temperature changes. 
• Talk to your doctor if you have heart disease, high BP, or other risk factors. 

Doctors stress that awareness matters. Knowing the signs like unusual shortness of breath, chest discomfort or fatigue and acting quickly can save lives.